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| Production |
| |
Shade |
Sun |
| Yield |
Lower (~
25-40%) |
Higher |
| Plants/Hectare |
1000-2000 |
3000-7000 |
| Kg/Hct/yr |
550 |
1600 |
| Lifetime of plants |
24-30 years |
12-15 years |
| Side-Crops |
High |
Low/none |
| Flavor |
Less bitter |
More bitter |
| Who Produces? |
Mostly small-scale
growers |
Mostly large-scale
growers |
 The
Solitary Vireo, Vireo solitarius, lives in deciduous
or mixed woodland, second growth or streamside groves in the West; jumipers and
yellow pine stands in the southern Rockies.
| Biology |
| |
Shade |
Sun |
| # of bird species |
150 |
20-50 |
| Proportion avifauna |
2/3 |
~1/10 |
| Mid-size mammals |
24 species |
almost none |
| Other |
more species of ants,
beetles, epiphytes, amphibians, & other species |
less
species of ants, beetles, epiphytes, amphibians, & other species |
The Western Tanager, Piranga
ludoviciana, lives in open coniferous forests.
| Other
Considerations |
| |
Shade |
Sun |
| Weeding |
Lower |
Higher |
| Chemical Fertilizers |
Lower |
Higher |
| Pesticides |
Lower |
Higher |
| Irrigation |
Lower |
Higher |
| Soil Erosion |
Lower |
Higher |
| Soil Acidification |
Lower |
Higher |
| Toxic run-off |
Lower |
Higher |
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